The Queluz Palace is a residence near Lisbon, Portugal. The main construction began in 1746 under the direction of the Infante Dom Pedro of Braganza (1717–1786), uncle and subsequently king-consort to Mary I.

Queluz National Palace History

It became the official royal residence from 10 November 1794 until 27 November 1807, when the Napoleonic invasion forced the royal family to depart for exile in Brazil. The building began as a hunting lodge owned by the Marquês de Castelo Rodrigo, a diplomat, and statesman to Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal).

In 1654 the property was incorporated into the estate of the Portuguese royal Infante and was subsequently inherited by Dom Pedro in 1742. His scheme of enlargement was given impetus by a fire in 1751, which destroyed the Paço Corte Real in Lisbon.

The new central east wing and the chapel were designed by Mateus Vicente de Oliveira. The main façade of this wing was turned inwards to face the formal gardens, and it emphasizes the way the garden was considered to be an extension of the palace as well as an integral part of it.

The formal gardens at Queluz, the Jardim Pênsil (Garden of Neptune; and the Jardim Malta (Garden of Malta), were designed by Jean Baptiste Robillon, who came to Portugal around 1749 from Paris, where he had probably been a student of Thomas Germain, who had supplied silverware to the Portuguese royal family.

In 1758 Robillon designed the west pavilion, which linked the upper formal garden to the park at a lower level by means of a severely Neo-classical Doric colonnade. He also designed the Stairway of the Lions (escadaria dos Leões), where he attempted to resolve the marked difference in levels by using theatrical architectural effects.

In 1777 the Throne Room and the adjoining Music Room were being prepared for the reception of Mary I, who became queen in that year, and special care was taken with the decoration carried out in the private royal apartments in the west wing. During the third phase of construction of the Queluz palace, a new east wing was added, with apartments for Mary and her attendants.

In the first decade of the 19th century, a wing that is symmetrical and adjacent to this building was added to house staff and for storage. Queluz Palace thus acquired its distinctive form, its long, low horizontality broken only by the two-story central block that is emphasized by the entablature and pediment.

The window pediments on the ceremonial façade overlooking the Jardim Pênsil are decorated with carving in an elegant and intimate Rococo style. These qualities are also emphasized on the façade facing the Jardim Malta, where the play of sculptural forms, statues, and reliefs gives an attractive chiaroscuro effect.

The quality of the interior decoration of Queluz is seen in the Neo-classical Hall of the Ambassadors designed by Robillon; in the delicately painted Queen’s Dressing-room; in the private dining room named the Sala das Merendas; and in the Sala de Don Quixote used as a bedroom by Peter III, Queen Charlotte, and Peter IV. Some of the artists and craftsmen involved at Queluz came from other royal projects.

There was a brief period of splendor at Queluz Palace in the late 18th century. Following the marriage in 1760 of Dom Pedro to the future Mary I, the gardens, and salons became the setting for festivities and receptions, and there were dramatic and operatic performances in the theatre, the entertainment being completed with elaborate firework displays. In the gardens, there was a labyrinth, a great cascade (now partly concealed), splendid bird cages of gilded bronze, drinking fountains of crystal, enclosures for games, and a small bull-ring.

The decoration of Queluz palace was influential in providing models for the Rococo interiors of aristocratic houses. The delicate talha (gilt carved wood) in the single-aisled chapel inspired the decoration of other Lisbon churches, such as the Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Estrêla), begun in 1779, and the Chapel of Bemposta of about 1794.

In 1834 the Palácio Nacional de Queluz was incorporated into the Royal Estate, and in 1908 it became part of the Portuguese National Heritage by decree of Manuel II, the last king of Portugal. The palace is open to the public and is noted for the attractive rose-pink shades of its façades and the close relationship between the salons and the gardens within a single elegant building of harmonious proportions.

Queluz National Palace Location

Address: Palácio Nacional de Queluz, 2745-191, Queluz, Portugal. Get help with directions using this map:

Queluz National Palace Map

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Palace of Necessidades History

The original plan for the Palace of Necessidades built on the site of a chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora das Necessidades, was probably made by the Portuguese architect Custódio Vieira.

The Palacio first served as the residence of the brothers of King John V (1706–1750) but was later used to house visiting dignitaries, such as the Prince of Wales (the future George IV of Great Britain and Ireland) and his brother the Duke of Sussex. The Duke of Wellington also inhabited the Palacio das Necessidades after 1808 as Commander-in-Chief of the Anglo-Portuguese army.

In 1833 Pedro, Duke of Braganza, undertook the first major alterations, replacing the tiled floors of the bedrooms and reception rooms with wooden boards. The palace became the home of the Duke’s daughter, Maria II, both with her first husband, Auguste de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg and after his death with her second husband, Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. In 1844–1846 improvements and alterations were made by the royal architect.

António Manuel da Fonseca, who had studied in Rome, was commissioned to paint the interior: the Etruscan Room in the Pompeian style, the dining room, with its hunting and fishing scenes, and the ceiling of the Red Room are good examples of his work.

The most beautiful paintings, however, are in the Renaissance Room and are by Cinatti, who painted buildings of different architectural styles over the doors and in medallions on the ceiling; these include views of the Palacio de Pena, Sintra, before the enlargements made by Ferdinand, its façade and its Manueline cloister. Local craftsmen were commissioned to provide furniture for the staterooms.

Following the death of Maria in 1853, further restoration of the Palace of Necessidades was carried out by King Peter V, and more furniture, plate, and art objects were acquired in Lisbon and Paris in preparation for the King’s marriage to Estephania of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

The Queen lived there only briefly before her death in 1859, however, and her husband died in 1861. His brother Luís, who succeeded him, occupied the Palacio de Ajuda, and it was only in 1889 that the Palacio das Necessidades became a royal residence again with the accession of Charles (1889–1908).

Further improvements and redecorations were planned, including a gallery leading to the reception rooms and a new banqueting hall, by Francisco Vilaça, but these decorations were left incomplete in 1910 when the monarchy fell from power.

The palace’s contents were dispersed among museums, including the Museu de Arte Antiga in Lisbon. The building subsequently served as the headquarters of the Lisbon army and as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Palace of Necessidades Location

Address: Largo do Rilvas, 1350, Portugal. Get help with directions using the map provided below:

Palace of Necessidades Map

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